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Note that in Real Life a "dungeon" was a type of prison, often in the lower parts of a castle, but the games expanded it to mean "any ruins or subterranean area." In fact, the term is used today for any dangerous area in an RPG, even open-air ones, as long as the same fight-your-way-across logic applies to it.
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"Dungeon crawl" is analogous to "pub crawl", a continual stroll from dungeon to dungeon to dungeon. The term comes from early RPGs, such as Dungeons & Dragons, that often had the player characters exploring some wizard's dungeon. However, it was the Cliffhanger film serials of the early 20th century that defined the trope, and the Indiana Jones movies that made it popular again later. This is what many Role-Playing Games (especially video game ones) are all about - at least historically - but it is actually one of The Oldest Ones in the Book, since even myths feature it (a trip into the underworld is part of The Hero's Journey, after all). Usually, but not always, there is a Boss Battle at some point, and a MacGuffin or Plot Coupon at the end. The characters must battle enemies (usually monsters) and use their skills and equipment to negotiate obstacles (usually traps). Dungeon Crawling is the act of exploring a dangerous area while looking for treasure or some other Plot Coupon or MacGuffin.
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